Neuroscientist Leah Somerville wrestles with the question: how can we measure, define, and mark the transition from adolescence to adulthood?
(And, the New York Times ponders her questions.)
Author Archives: Andrew Watson
About Andrew Watson
February 11, 2017
February 09, 2017
February 07, 2017
Here’s a handy anatomy of ADHD, complete with treatment options.
The key point: people are different, and not all ADHD diagnoses are the same. We need to attend to individual differences if we want to help all our students learn.
February 04, 2017
January 27, 2017
Recently, I linked to a study suggesting potential downsides to bilingualism: in at least this one study, bilingual students were less successful with metacognition than monolingual students.
In that post, I noted that this one detriment doesn’t mean that bilinguals are “bad at thinking” in some broad way, or that bilingual education is necessarily a bad idea. Instead, that study was one interesting data point in a large and complex discussion.
Well, that discussion has gotten even larger and more complex. A research team at the University of Montreal has explored the neural mechanisms that help adult bilinguals focus on some information without being distracted by other kinds of information.
Neuroscience is always complicated, but the simple version is this: bilinguals use more efficient networks to maintain focus on a particular information stream.
In other words: we’ve got research showing both advantages (efficient attention processing) and disadvantages (reduced metacognition) to bilingualism. So, what should we do?
In the end, teachers and parents can draw on research to explore these questions, but we must put many conflicting pieces together to draw the wisest conclusions.
January 24, 2017
Harvard’s Initiative for Teaching and Learning has posted videos of their most recent conference. The topic: interactivity.
As you listen to these Harvard professors, you might find yourself thinking: their students, and their teaching problems, sound a lot like my students and my teaching problems.
Pro tip: each video begins with a very generous introduction. If you skip ahead 3-5 minutes, you’ll get to the good stuff much more quickly…
January 21, 2017
January 18, 2017
Is a man’s amygdala larger than a woman’s? And: why does it matter?
The amygdala is central to neural networks that process strong negative emotions: especially fear and anger. Because psychological studies have shown gender differences in the expression of these emotions, researchers have hypothesized that men might have a larger amygdala, on average, than women do.
That is, gendered behavior might have a biological foundation in a gendered brain.
According to a recent meta-analysis of 46 studies: not so much. Lise Eliot’s research team found no statistically significant difference between male and female amydalae.
(More precisely: men’s amygdalae are–on average–10% larger than women’s; but, men’s BRAINS are–on average–10% larger than women’s. So–relative to brain size–there is no meaningful difference.)
Of course, male and female brains are not identical. And: behavioral differences between genders are important.
However, if Eliot’s results hold up, we can no longer say that these behavioral differences result from meaningfully different amygdala sizes.
January 18, 2017
Research into the benefits of bilingualism has gotten lots of attention in recent years. For example, some scholars argue that being bilingual protects our cognitive dexterity as we age.
However, a recent study suggests a potential downside for bilinguals. Folke et. al. find that, compared to their monolingual peers, young bilingual adults have a harder time with metacognitive processing — that is, analyzing their own cognitive performance.
If further research supports this finding, then teachers and scholars will have to add this potential short-term cognitive detriment to their calculus as they consider long-term cognitive benefits.
To be clear: this research does not show that being bilingual is cognitively bad, or that bilingual education is a bad idea. Instead, it offers one potentially interesting data point for a complex discussion — a discussion that must consider benefits, detriments, and many, many unknowns.