{"id":7391,"date":"2023-12-27T08:00:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T13:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/blog\/?p=7391"},"modified":"2023-12-27T06:05:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T11:05:28","slug":"feedback-before-grades-research-and-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/feedback-before-grades-research-and-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Feedback Before Grades? Research and Practice&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The plan sounds so simple:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Students practice a new skill.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Teachers give them feedback.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Using that feedback, students improve.<\/p>\n<p>What could be more straightforward?<\/p>\n<p>Alas, if you&#8217;ve spent more than a minute teaching, you spot a problem with the formula above:\u00a0<em>students often ignore the feedback<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>For example: I write SO MUCH USEFUL GUIDANCE in the margins of my students&#8217; papers. And yet, as far as I can tell, they just don&#8217;t spend much time reading all those helpful comments.<\/p>\n<p>They tell me they want to learn. They tell me they want higher grades. They could accomplish both missions if they would\u00a0<em>just read the feedback<\/em>. Oy.<\/p>\n<h2>It Just Might Work&#8230;<\/h2>\n<p>A few years ago, I devised a strategy to combat this feedback problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>First:<\/strong> I wrote comments on papers as I had before.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Second:<\/strong> I summarized the three most important concerns at the end of the paper.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">(For example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">&#8220;Be sure to focus the topic sentence on abstract nouns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">Give specific examples for <em>all<\/em> your main arguments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">Look out for danging modifiers.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Third:<\/strong> I returned the paper with the comments BUT WITHOUT A GRADE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Fourth:<\/strong> Students reviewed the comments, and <em>wrote up their own summary<\/em>. (This step ensured that students read and understood the comments.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Fifth:<\/strong> Then &#8212; and only then &#8212; did the students get their grades.<\/p>\n<p>My thinking went like this:<\/p>\n<p>My students were REALLY motivated to know their grades. If I could harness that motivation correctly, then I could get them to review\u00a0<strong><em>and learn from<\/em><\/strong> the comments I spent so much time writing.<\/p>\n<p>They would get the grades and learn at the same time. Brilliant! (Well, <em>potentially<\/em> brililant&#8230;)<\/p>\n<h2>So: Did It Work?<\/h2>\n<p>I did not think to collect data at the time, so I don&#8217;t have a scientific answer to the obvious question &#8212; &#8220;did this strategy work?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But I have a few strong impressions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">First: the students were REALLY BAD at summarizing my comments, and\u00a0<em>did not like the process<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand, this conclusion suprised me. After all: <em>I had summarized the comments for them<\/em> (&#8220;topic sentences, examples, dangling modifiers&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>All they had to do was spot and re-summarize my own summary.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, this conclusion made sense. No wonder my students hadn&#8217;t responded effectively to my comments &#8212; they didn&#8217;t even want to read them!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Second: my strategy either really helped, or made no difference.<\/p>\n<p>In some cases, students quickly took advantage of this system. I could tell because\u00a0<em>my comments were different on each paper<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>If the first paper asked them to focus on &#8220;abstract nouns in the topic sentence,&#8221; the next paper clearly met that goal.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_619153807.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7395\" src=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_619153807-300x159.jpeg\" alt=\"Arrows pointed to the center of a target\" width=\"300\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_619153807-300x159.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_619153807-1024x544.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>On the second paper, my feedback focused on &#8212; say &#8212; transitional language between examples.<\/p>\n<p>Because my comment summary changed from paper to paper, I could tell the system was working for these students.<\/p>\n<p>I must admit, however, that not all students responded this way. Some submitted the feedback summaries as I required &#8212; and continued to make the same old mistakes.<\/p>\n<p>A partial victory &#8212; but not a complete one.<\/p>\n<h2>So: SHOULD It Work?<\/h2>\n<p>My experience suggests that my witholding the grade prompted some (but not all) students to focus more on feedback.<\/p>\n<p>Do we have any reseach supporting this strategy?<\/p>\n<p>Sure enough, we do.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1475725721999958\" target=\"_blank\">study from 2021<\/a> shows that students who get <em>feedback before grades<\/em> improve more than those who get <em>grades before feedback<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers here, in fact, consider some of the underlying mechanisms as well.<\/p>\n<p>They note that &#8220;excessive focus on grades can interfere with the students\u2019 ability to self-assess,&#8221; and that, &#8220;in the case of [grade] disappointment&#8230;students may decide not to engage with the written comments at all.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>These truths suggest the obvious solution: postpone grades until students have time to process the feedback.<\/p>\n<p>In this case college students didn&#8217;t need to go through all the extra steps that I created; that is, they didn&#8217;t summarize the feedback their teachers wrote.<\/p>\n<p>Simply having extra time to peruse the feedback &#8212; before they got the grades &#8212; proved a significant benefit.<\/p>\n<h2>Closing Thoughts<\/h2>\n<p><strong>First:<\/strong> I note that both my own mini-experiment and this published study took place with older, academically successful students. I don&#8217;t know of research looking at a broader, more representative sample.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Second:<\/strong> reasonable people might ask, &#8220;if grades distract from feedback, can&#8217;t you just do away with the grade thing altogether?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Some schools might make that decision &#8212; and plenty of people are advocating for it. But: individual teachers almost certainly can&#8217;t stop assigning grades. So, this strategy can help one teacher at a time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third:<\/strong> I first read about this study when Jade Pearce (X-Twitter handle: @PearceMrs) wrote about it. If you&#8217;re interested in this kind of research, you should ABSOLUTELY follow her there.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TLDR<\/strong>: To help students focus on learning, postpone grades until they have time to review feedback.<\/p>\n<p>This strategy might not help everyone, but it provides clear benefits for many.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kuepper-Tetzel, C. E., &amp; Gardner, P. L. (2021). Effects of temporary mark withholding on academic performance.\u00a0<i>Psychology Learning &amp; Teaching<\/i>,\u00a0<i>20<\/i>(3), 405-419.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The plan sounds so simple: Students practice a new skill. Teachers give them feedback. Using that feedback, students improve. What could be more straightforward? Alas, if you&#8217;ve spent more than a minute teaching, you spot a problem with the formula above:\u00a0students often ignore the feedback. For example: I write SO MUCH USEFUL GUIDANCE in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":7395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[215,95],"class_list":["post-7391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lb-blog","tag-feedback","tag-grades"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7391"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7398,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391\/revisions\/7398"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}