{"id":5291,"date":"2020-01-07T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T13:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/blog\/?p=5291"},"modified":"2019-12-31T17:02:49","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T22:02:49","slug":"starting-the-year-just-right-healthy-skepticism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/starting-the-year-just-right-healthy-skepticism\/","title":{"rendered":"Starting the Year Just Right: Healthy Skepticism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I regularly tell teachers: if you want to be sure you&#8217;re right, work hard to prove yourself wrong.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/AdobeStock_116521208_Credit.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5295\" src=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/AdobeStock_116521208_Credit-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/AdobeStock_116521208_Credit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/AdobeStock_116521208_Credit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/AdobeStock_116521208_Credit-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>If, for example, you think that <strong>dual coding<\/strong> might be a good idea in your classroom, look for all the best evidence you can find\u00a0<em>against<\/em> this theory.<\/p>\n<p>Because you&#8217;ll find (a lot) more evidence in favor of dual coding than against, you can be confident as you go forward with your new approach.<\/p>\n<p>Well: I got a dose of my own medicine today&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2>People Prefer Natural Settings. Right?<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re a regular reader, you know that I&#8217;m a summer camp guy. I&#8217;ve spent many of the happiest hours of my life hiking trails and canoeing lakes and building fires.<\/p>\n<p>Many of the best people I know devote their summers to helping children discover their strengths and values surrounded by pines and paddles.<\/p>\n<p>And: I&#8217;m not the only one. We&#8217;ve got LOTS of research showing that people prefer natural settings to urban ones. Some of that research shows this preference cross-culturally. It&#8217;s not just Rousseau-influenced Westerners who feel this way, but humans generally.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, it&#8217;s easy to speculate about an evolutionary cause for this preference. Our species has been around for about 250,000 years; only a tiny fraction of that time has included substantial urban development.<\/p>\n<p>If our preference for natural environments has an evolutionary base, then we would expect children to share it. They don&#8217;t need adult coaxing to enjoy the natural beauties to which their genes incline them.<\/p>\n<p>Right?<\/p>\n<h2>Trying to Prove Ourselves Wrong<\/h2>\n<p>If we&#8217;re going to follow the advice above &#8212; that is, if we&#8217;re going to seek out evidence at odds with our own beliefs &#8212; we might wonder: can we find research <em>contradicting<\/em> this line of thought?<\/p>\n<p>Can we find evidence that children prefer urban settings to rural ones? That they adopt adult preferences only slowly, as they age?<\/p>\n<p>Yes, <a href=\"https:\/\/cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com\/voices.uchicago.edu\/dist\/d\/1690\/files\/2019\/10\/74The-gradual-development-of-the-preference-for-natural-environments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we can<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers in Chicago worked with children and their parents, asking them to say how much they liked (and disliked) images of natural and urban settings.<\/p>\n<p>In every category, children <strong>liked the urban images<\/strong> more than adults (and their parents) did, and <strong>disliked natural images<\/strong> more than adults (and their parents). (Check out figure 3 in the study.)<\/p>\n<p>And: that preference changed &#8212; almost linearly &#8212; as the children aged.<\/p>\n<p>That is: the four-year-olds strongly preferred the urban images, whereas that preferential difference decreased as the children got older. (Figure 4 shows this pattern.)<\/p>\n<p>You might reasonably wonder: doesn&#8217;t this depend on the environment in which the children grew up and attended school?<\/p>\n<p>The researchers wondered the same thing. The answer is, nope.<\/p>\n<p>They used zip codes to measure the relative urbanization of the places where these children lived. And, that variable didn&#8217;t influence their preferences.<\/p>\n<p>So, <em>contrary to my confident predictions<\/em>, children (in this study, with this research paradigm) don&#8217;t share adults&#8217; preferences. They prefer urban to natural settings.<\/p>\n<h2>Lessons to Learn<\/h2>\n<p>To be clear: this study does NOT suggest that we should give up on outdoor education.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers aren&#8217;t even asking that question.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, they&#8217;re examining a plausible hypothesis: &#8220;our adult love of nature might be an evolutionary inheritance, and therefore we&#8217;ll find it in children too.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>These data <strong>do not support<\/strong> that plausible hypothesis.<\/p>\n<p>But, they also don&#8217;t contradict the many (many benefits) that humans &#8212; adults and children &#8212; get from interacting with the natural world.<\/p>\n<p>So, for me, the two key lessons here are:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>First<\/strong>: when introducing young children to natural environments, don&#8217;t be surprised if they don&#8217;t love them at first. We might need to plan for their discomfort, anxiety, and uncertainty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Second<\/strong>: even if we really want to believe something to be true; even if that &#8220;something&#8221; is super plausible &#8212; we really should look for contradictory evidence before we plan our teaching world around it.<\/p>\n<p>By the way: here&#8217;s a <a href=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/a-holiday-present-for-the-teacher-skeptic-in-beta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">handy resource<\/a> to aid you in your quest for more effective skepticism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adults prefer natural settings to urban ones. We can easily imagine an evolutionary explanation for that preference. But: do children share it?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":5295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[119,19],"class_list":["post-5291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lb-blog","tag-outdoor-education","tag-skepticism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5291"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5298,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5291\/revisions\/5298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}