{"id":3205448,"date":"2025-05-19T08:10:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T13:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/?p=3205448"},"modified":"2025-05-14T14:21:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T19:21:59","slug":"too-good-to-be-true-the-effect-of-tetris-on-ptsd-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/too-good-to-be-true-the-effect-of-tetris-on-ptsd-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Too Good to be True? The Effect of Tetris on PTSD Symptoms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Teachers and school leaders turn to research &#8212; in part &#8212; because <em>it can help us solve problems<\/em>. Of course, the <strong>bigger <\/strong>the problem, the <strong>more urgent <\/strong>the need for a solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, we&#8217;re easily drawn to the more dramatic &#8220;research-based&#8221; claims. When a big problem has an easy solution &#8212; an easy solution with RESEARCH behind it &#8212; we&#8217;re tempted to adopt that new strategy right away. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog post, I want to suggest &#8212; <strong>first <\/strong>&#8212; that we should slow down. And &#8212; <strong>second<\/strong> &#8212; that we should ask some important questions before we make big changes. After all: if the problem is big and urgent, we could make it <em>worse <\/em>by enacting an ill-considered solution based on flimsy research claims.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3205470\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AdobeStock_175501408-s-1-2048x1363.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First: Slow Down<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Carl Sagan famously said: &#8220;extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s imagine that I tell you: &#8220;You can add 20 points to your IQ just by eating raisins every day!&#8221; That claim is a biggie. You&#8217;ll want LOTS of VERY STRONG evidence to support it. (To be clear: I don&#8217;t know of any way to increase IQ at all &#8212; much less a raisin-centric diet.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dan Willingham made a related point in his book <em>Why Don&#8217;t Students Like School?<\/em> Willingham argues that &#8212; over a few hundred years &#8212; teachers have tried all sorts of strategies to help students learn. For this reason, it&#8217;s difficult to imagine that a simple strategy will have a surprisingly large effect. After all: if a one-step solution works so well, why hasn&#8217;t someone tried it &#8212; and reported on its benefits?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, it&#8217;s likelier that research will find <em>incremental<\/em> benefits to a new teaching strategy &#8212; and that the new strategy will require more than a simple tweak or two. In other words: we&#8217;ve (probably) already figured out the big, easy stuff. Research will help with the small, difficult stuff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, let&#8217;s consider the claim implied in my title: &#8220;playing Tetris can reduce PTSD symptoms.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That claim pushes up against both Sagan&#8217;s and Willingham&#8217;s guidance. To me, at least, the idea that Tetris (of all things) helps with trauma &#8212; that&#8217;s extraordinary all right. And the idea that something as <em>simple <\/em>as Tetris will have an effect strains credulity. If reducing trauma symptoms is so easy, why haven&#8217;t we figured that out yet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For both of these reasons: slow down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Second: Questions to Ask<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most researchers take care to speak very precisely about the scope and limitations of their claims. Before we get carried away, we want to be sure we understand <em>exactly what they&#8217;re claiming<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a handy approach. All published research begins with a <strong>one-paragraph summary<\/strong> of the study. This summary goes by a rather odd name: the &#8220;abstract.&#8221; So, read the abstract carefully and focus on the researchers&#8217; <em>precise <\/em>claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I do need to warn you: an abstract is often &#8212; well &#8212; rather abstract. The researchers are condesing hundreds of hours and thousands of words and data-points into a dense paragraph. The abstract will not delight you. But it will tell you what you need to know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03569-8\">this study<\/a>, the reseachers claim that a single session of Tetris reduces <em>the frequency of intrusive memories<\/em> of traumatic events. Notice several limits here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They don&#8217;t make broad claims about PTSD. Instead, they make claims about one specific symptom &#8212; intrusive memories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They don&#8217;t claim to <em>cure<\/em> PTSD. Instead, they claim to <em>reduce the frequency<\/em> of intrusive memories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They don&#8217;t claim that the strategy works for everyone. Instead, they claim it worked for nurses in Swedish hospitals who had experienced traumatic events while treating Covid-19 patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>All this specificity will be very helpful for us. A Tetris salesman might show up at our school brandishing this paper and says &#8220;we can cure your students&#8217; PTSD &#8212; research says so!&#8221; Because we read the abstract carefully, we know this claim just ain&#8217;t so. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More Questions: Trust the Process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers typically do not attempt Great Leaps Forward. Instead, they take incremental steps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, if one research team shows that &#8220;retrieval practice helps college students remember Spanish vocabulary words,&#8221; other research times might investigate these questions: &#8220;Does retrieval practice help&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>college students remember <em>physics <\/em>vocabulary words?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>5th graders <\/em>learn <em>English spelling rules<\/em>?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>budding baseball players recall obscure-but-important rules?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And so forth. They&#8217;re unlikely to ask &#8220;does retrieval practice help marmosets improve their mindful meditation practice during a full moon?&#8221; That&#8217;s just too big a leap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you see a &#8220;too good to be true&#8221; claim, it&#8217;s often helpful to investigate the <em>research history<\/em> behind it. If this study right here takes only a small step beyond previous research steps, its modesty and carefulness inspire greater confidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because research studies can be REALLY tedious to read, I&#8217;ve found AI to be a big help in cutting through the glutenous jargon and finding important facts. For this project, I often use <a href=\"http:\/\/chatpdf.com\">chatpdf.com<\/a> &#8212; although other AIs work too. In this case, I asked chatpdf this question: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>According to this study, how much research has been done on the tetris-helps-reduce-PTSD-symptoms theory before this study?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Turns out, this study has LOTS of relevant work behind it: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a theory about how trauma and PTSD affect sensory processing, then<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a small-scale study to see if if tetris has any effect, then<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a &#8220;proof-of-concept&#8221; study in a psych lab, then<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a few more steps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, this &#8220;too good to be true&#8221; idea didn&#8217;t come out of nowhere &#8212; it has a well-established foundation supporting it. My level of confidence is increasing&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Check the Field<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As I&#8217;ve written before, I rely on three websites to see what other researchers are thinking about particular research topics. The first of the three &#8212; <a href=\"http:\/\/scite.ai\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"scite.ai\">Scite.ai<\/a> &#8212; shows that no one has yet responded to this specific study. Because this research is both very new and very niche-y, this silence isn&#8217;t totally surprising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My second go-to website is <a href=\"http:\/\/connectedpapers.com\">connectedpapers.com<\/a>. A quick visit there shows that, in fact, other researchers are exploring similar lines of inquiry. They don&#8217;t all get the same results; in fact, they don&#8217;t all get positive results. But this tetris study isn&#8217;t a bizarre outlier. It&#8217;s part of a small-but-serious cluster of studies trying this approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, <a href=\"http:\/\/elicit.com\">Elicit.com<\/a> helpfully answers direct research questions. When I asked it &#8220;Does playing tetris reduce PTSD symptoms over non-trivial periods of time,&#8221; it scrounged the research web and thought for about 8 minutes. It then offered this helpful one-sentence summary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Multiple studies demonstrate that Tetris gameplay combined with memory reactivation significantly decreases PTSD-related intrusive memories, with effects lasting up to six months.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>It then listed the studies it had analyzed to arrive at that conclusion, and the various parameters that it found helpful and persuasive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, at this point I&#8217;m much more confident than I was 20 minutes ago. I know that the researchers are taking slow, careful steps; and that <em>other<\/em> researchers are taking other careful steps along parallel paths. We&#8217;re not alone in this forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Recap, and Two Caveats<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The steps so far:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When I see a surprising claim, I SLOW DOWN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, I check the abstract to understand EXACTLY what the researchers are claiming. (Newspaper and blog headlines often misrepresent researchers&#8217; claims quite badly.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, I look for the history behind this study to be sure that the idea has a good foundation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, I use other web resources to see if this idea is a quirky outlier or part of a meaningful body of research.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>I should also highlight two caveats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>First<\/strong>: AI is evolving very quickly. As of today&#8217;s date (May 12, 2025), these tools do what I&#8217;ve described, and are the best ones I know. By May 13, 2025, they could behave very differently, or have been superceded by better tools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Second<\/strong>: I have explored this study as an interesting example of a &#8220;too good to be true&#8221; claim. That is: when I first saw this research, I assumed the claims would prove to be exaggerated or silly. (I am, at least for now, reassured that this is a serious line of inquiry.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, I am NOT suggesting that schools use tetris to treat students&#8217; trauma symptoms. I&#8217;m not qualified to make any recommendations about treating trauma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And, to be clear, the researchers aren&#8217;t making that suggestion either. They&#8217;re still trying to figure out if this simple idea might be helpful (to nurses). We need LOTS more research <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Leehr, E. J., G\u00f6ransson, K. E., Pihlgren, S. A., Iyadurai, L., &#8230; &amp; Holmes, E. A. (2024). A guided single session intervention to reduce intrusive memories of work-related trauma: a randomised controlled trial with healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic.&nbsp;<em>BMC medicine<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>22<\/em>(1), 403.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teachers and school leaders turn to research &#8212; in part &#8212; because it can help us solve problems. Of course, the bigger the problem, the more urgent the need for a solution. For this reason, we&#8217;re easily drawn to the more dramatic &#8220;research-based&#8221; claims. When a big problem has an easy solution &#8212; an easy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":3205470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[19,108],"class_list":["post-3205448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lb-blog","tag-skepticism","tag-trauma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3205448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3205448"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3205448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3205475,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3205448\/revisions\/3205475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3205470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3205448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3205448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learningandthebrain.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3205448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}